Java interview questions for Hadoop developer

Q1. Explain difference of Class Variable and Instance Variable and how are they declared in Java

Ans: Class Variable is a variable which is declared with static modifier. Instance variable is a variable in a class without static modifier.

The main difference between the class variable and Instance variable is, that first time, when class is loaded in to memory, then only memory is allocated for all class variables. That means, class variables do not depend on the Objets of that classes. What ever number of objects are there, only one copy is created at the time of class loding.

Q2. Explain Encapsulation,Inheritance and Polymorphism

Ans: Encapsulation is a process of binding or wrapping the data and the codes that operates on the data into a single entity. This keeps the data safe from outside interface and misuse. One way to think about encapsulation is as a protective wrapper that prevents code and data from being arbitrarily accessed by other code defined outside the wrapper.

Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.

The meaning of Polymorphism is something like one name many forms. Polymorphism enables one entity to be used as as general category for different types of actions. The specific action is determined by the exact nature of the situation. The concept of polymorphism can be explained as “one interface, multiple methods”.

Q3. Explain garbage collection?

Ans: Garbage collection is one of the most important feature of Java.

Garbage collection is also called automatic memory management as JVM automatically removes the unused variables/objects (value is null) from the memory. User program cann’t directly free the object from memory, instead it is the job of the garbage collector to automatically free the objects that are no longer referenced by a program. Every class inherits finalize() method from java.lang.Object, the finalize() method is called by garbage collector when it determines no more references to the object exists. In Java, it is good idea to explicitly assign null into a variable when no more in us

Q4. What is similarities/difference between an Abstract class and Interface?

Ans: Differences- Interfaces provide a form of multiple inheritance. A class can extend only one other class.

- Interfaces are limited to public methods and constants with no implementation. Abstract classes can have a partial implementation, protected parts, static methods, etc.

- A Class may implement several interfaces. But in case of abstract class, a class may extend only one abstract class.

- Interfaces are slow as it requires extra indirection to find corresponding method in in the actual class. Abstract classes are fast.

Similarities

- Neither Abstract classes or Interface can be instantiated

Q5. What are different ways to make your class multithreaded in Java

Ans: There are two ways to create new kinds of threads:

- Define a new class that extends the Thread class

- Define a new class that implements the Runnable interface, and pass an object of that class to a Thread’s constructor.

Q6. What do you understand by Synchronization? How do synchronize a method call in Java? How do you synchonize a block of code in java ?

Ans: Synchronization is a process of controlling the access of shared resources by the multiple threads in such a manner that only one thread can access one resource at a time. In non synchronized multithreaded application, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or updating the object’s value. Synchronization prevents such type of data corruption.

- Synchronizing a method: Put keyword synchronized as part of the method declaration

- Synchronizing a block of code inside a method: Put block of code in synchronized (this) { Some Code }

Q7. What is transient variable?

Ans: Transient variable can’t be serialize. For example if a variable is declared as transient in a Serializable class and the class is written to an ObjectStream, the value of the variable can’t be written to the stream instead when the class is retrieved from the ObjectStreamthe value of the variable becomes null.

Q8. What is Properties class in Java. Which class does it extends?

Ans:The Properties class represents a persistent set of properties. The Properties can be saved to a stream or loaded from a stream. Each key and its corresponding value in the property list is a string

Q9. Explain the concept of shallow copy vs deep copy in Java

Ans: In case of shallow copy, the cloned object also refers to the same object to which the original object refers as only the object references gets copied and not the referred objects themselves.

In case deep copy, a clone of the class and all all objects referred by that class is made.

Q10. How can you make a shallow copy of an object in Java

Ans: Use clone() method inherited by Object class

Q11. How would you make a copy of an entire Java object (deep copy) with its state?

 Ans: Have this class implement Cloneable interface and call its method clone().